Alan Watts: A Journey into Eastern Philosophy and SpiritualityIn the world of Eastern philosophy and spirituality, one name stands out as an influential figure who bridged the gap between the East and the West – Alan Watts. Born into a middle-class family in southeast London, Watts developed a deep fascination for Eastern culture and spirituality from an early age.
His journey took him from the bustling streets of London to the serene landscapes of China, and eventually to the United States. Along the way, he studied under spiritual mentors, taught at esteemed institutions, and became a prolific writer and speaker.
In this article, we will explore the early life of Alan Watts, delve into the start of his career, and uncover the legacies he left behind.
1) Early Life of Alan Watts
Childhood and Family Background
Alan Watts was born on January 6, 1915, in Chislehurst, a town in southeast London. He hailed from an ordinary middle-class family, where his father worked as a representative for the London office of Michelin, the tire manufacturing giant.
His mother, Emily Mary Buchan Watts, was a housewife who took care of Alan and his two siblings. Watts’ upbringing was relatively conventional, but it laid the foundation for his future spiritual journey.
Early Interest in Eastern Culture and Spirituality
At a young age, Watts developed a keen interest in Eastern culture, particularly the ancient wisdom of China. He was captivated by Chinese landscape artwork and the spirituality it conveyed.
This fascination led him to explore farther afield, studying at the London Buddhist Lodge and immersing himself in the teachings of Buddhism. Although still in London, Watts felt closely connected to Eastern philosophy, and this connection would later play a significant role in shaping his life’s path.
Education and Influential Mentors
Watts attended the King’s School in Canterbury, where he excelled academically. However, his thirst for knowledge extended beyond traditional educational institutions.
His encounters with Dimitrije Mitrinovi, a Serbian philosopher and mystic, further fueled his interest in Eastern philosophy. Mitrinovi introduced Watts to the Buddhist Lodge in London, where he encountered spiritual luminaries such as D.T. Suzuki, a renowned Japanese author and Zen scholar.
These mentors guided Watts as he delved deeper into the realm of Eastern spirituality. 2) Start of Alan Watts’ Career
Move to the United States and Study of Theology
In 1938, Watts received a scholarship to study theology at the Seabury-Western Theological Seminary in Evanston, Illinois. The move to the United States proved to be a turning point in his life.
Soon after his arrival, he met Zen master Sokei-an Sasaki and Ruth Fuller, an influential figure in introducing Zen to America. Under their guidance, Watts delved into the practice of Zen Buddhism and began to combine it with his theological studies.
His fascination with Eastern philosophy deepened, and he started to question the limitations of traditional Western religious doctrines.
Teaching and Public Speaking Engagements
As Watts continued to explore Eastern philosophy, he embarked on a journey of teaching and public speaking engagements. In 1951, he became the dean of the American Academy of Asian Studies in San Francisco, where he lectured on topics such as the nature of reality and the interconnection of all things.
At the same time, Watts also ventured into the realm of radio, becoming a popular host on KPFK. His radio lectures on “The Great Books of Asia” captivated audiences and further expanded his reach.
Involvement with Academic Institutions
Watts’ intellectual pursuits led him to be involved with several esteemed academic institutions. In 1957, he co-founded the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco, where he played a crucial role in shaping the curriculum of the Comparative Philosophy program.
He was also a guest lecturer at Harvard University, where he shared his unique insights on Eastern philosophy with eager students. Watts’ influence within academia cannot be overstated, as he sought to bridge the gap between Western and Eastern thought.
Conclusion
Alan Watts’ life journey from a middle-class upbringing in London to becoming a profound spiritual teacher in the United States showcases the power of curiosity and open-mindedness. His early fascination with Eastern culture and spirituality laid the groundwork for his lifelong pursuit of knowledge and understanding.
Through teaching, public speaking, and involvement with academic institutions, Watts tirelessly worked to bring Eastern philosophy to the Western world. Today, his legacy lives on in the hearts and minds of those who continue to be inspired by his teachings.
3) The Wisdom of Insecurity (1951)
In the midst of an increasingly complex and fast-paced world, Alan Watts sought to explore the prevalent anxieties and uncertainties faced by individuals in his book, “The Wisdom of Insecurity.” Published in 1951, this profound work drew heavily from his deep understanding of Eastern philosophy, particularly Buddhism, and its teachings on living in the present moment.
Exploration of Anxiety and Uncertainty
“The Wisdom of Insecurity” emerged during what Watts referred to as the “age of anxiety.” He observed that people were constantly seeking security and control in an inherently uncertain world. Drawing on Buddhist principles, especially the recognition of impermanence and the ever-changing nature of existence, Watts highlighted the futility of trying to cling to stability and certainty.
Instead, he urged readers to embrace the inherent uncertainties of life and find peace in accepting them.
Living in the Present Moment and Accepting Uncertainties
At the heart of Watts’ teachings in “The Wisdom of Insecurity” lies the importance of living fully in the present moment. He argued that the root cause of human suffering is the constant pursuit of either the past or the future, neglecting the only moment we truly have- the present.
Watts emphasized that by focusing on the now, individuals can free themselves from the burdens of anxiety and find solace in the depths of uncertainty. In the face of uncertainty, Watts challenged the conventional notions of security and stability.
Rather than seeking to control and predict every aspect of life, he proposed that true security lies in embracing the ever-changing nature of existence. By shifting our perspective and realizing that uncertainty is an inherent part of life, individuals can learn to ride the waves of uncertainty and find a sense of freedom in the midst of chaos.
Watts also explored the interconnected relationship between pain and pleasure. His teachings remind readers that the pursuit of pleasure, often associated with security, can ultimately lead to dissatisfaction and disappointment.
By recognizing that pain and pleasure are intertwined, individuals can learn to navigate the fluctuations of life with equanimity and embrace both the joys and sorrows that come their way. 4) Nature, Man and Woman (1958)
In “Nature, Man and Woman,” published in 1958, Alan Watts delved into the contrasting views on nature and spirituality between Eastern traditions, particularly Chinese Buddhism, and Western Christianity.
Through his exploration, Watts emphasized the importance of embracing spontaneity, understanding the interconnection between nature and God, and reclaiming our natural sexual nature.
Comparison of Eastern and Western Views on Nature and Spirituality
Eastern traditions, such as Chinese Buddhism, have long held a deep reverence for nature. Watts contrasted this with the prevailing Western view, which often perceives nature as a resource to be exploited or subdued.
He argued that Eastern philosophies recognize that humans are an inseparable part of the natural world, with a vital connection to the cycles and rhythms of the Earth. By embracing this view, individuals can find a sense of unity and harmony with the environment.
On the other hand, Western religious traditions, particularly Christianity, often prioritize a hierarchical relationship between man and nature, viewing humans as separate from and superior to the natural world. Watts pointed out the limitations of this perspective, suggesting that it leads to the illusion of control over nature while perpetuating the destructive behavior that threatens our planet’s well-being.
Embracing Spontaneity and Natural Sexuality
Another key theme in “Nature, Man and Woman” is the importance of embracing spontaneity and reconnecting with our natural instincts. Watts argued that through societal conditioning and religious doctrines, individuals have become detached from their spontaneous creative potential.
By restoring our sense of playfulness and embracing our natural inclinations, we can tap into a wellspring of creativity and vitality. Watts also highlighted the significance of understanding the interconnection between nature and God.
He proposed that, in Eastern traditions, God is viewed as immanent rather than transcendent, existing within every facet of creation. By recognizing the divinity within all of life, individuals can experience a profound sense of wonder and reverence for the natural world.
Additionally, Watts challenged the prevailing attitudes towards sexuality within Western religious and societal frameworks. He advocated for a more relaxed and accepting approach to our natural sexual nature, emphasizing that sexuality is an integral and beautiful part of human existence.
Conclusion
“The Wisdom of Insecurity” and “Nature, Man and Woman” are eloquent testaments to Alan Watts’ ability to bridge the gap between Eastern and Western philosophies and shed light on profound existential questions. By exploring anxiety and uncertainty, living in the present moment, and accepting the interplay of pain and pleasure, Watts encouraged readers to embrace the richness of existence.
Moreover, his examination of the contrasting views on nature and spirituality, and his advocacy for spontaneity and embracing our natural sexual nature, challenged conventional beliefs and offered a transformative perspective on life. Through his words, Watts invites us to embark on a journey of self-discovery and liberation, reminding us that the wisdom we seek resides within the depths of our own being.
5) The Joyous Cosmology (1962)
In 1962, Alan Watts published “The Joyous Cosmology,” a book that explored the influence of psychedelics on Western culture and delved into the concept of ego alienation. Through his psychedelic experiences, Watts discovered deep insights into the nature of reality and the interconnectedness of individuals, their environment, and social ethics.
Influence of Psychedelics on Western Culture and Ego Alienation
“The Joyous Cosmology” emerged during a time when psychedelics, such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, were gaining popularity and attracting attention in Western culture. Watts was intrigued by the transformative potential of these substances to induce altered states of consciousness, which he believed could offer a fresh perspective on the nature of reality.
Ego alienation, a central theme explored in “The Joyous Cosmology,” refers to the temporary dissolution of the sense of self or ego experienced during psychedelic trips. Watts contemplates that this ego alienation can lead to a profound understanding of the illusory nature of the self and its constructed identities.
By stepping outside the confines of the ego, individuals can transcend their limited perspectives and gain a deeper sense of connection to the world around them. Through his own psychedelic experiences, Watts discovered that ego alienation can facilitate a sense of unity and interconnectedness with both the natural environment and other beings.
The dissolution of individual boundaries allows for a direct experience of the underlying oneness of all existence. This direct experience resonates with the core principles of Eastern philosophies, particularly the concept of non-duality.
Connection between Individuals, Environment, and Social Ethics
In “The Joyous Cosmology,” Watts explores the profound implications of the sense of unity and interconnectedness experienced through psychedelics. He suggests that this connection can be understood in ecological terms, highlighting the intricate relationships between individuals, their environment, and social ethics.
Watts argues that the sense of unity and interdependence experienced during psychedelic trips can raise individuals’ awareness of the impact they have on their environments and communities. By recognizing the inseparability of one’s own well-being from the well-being of others and the Earth, a shift occurs in one’s ethical framework.
This shift is rooted in the understanding that we are all interconnected and mutually dependent. The ecological perspective Watts presents challenges the prevalent self-centered individualism of Western culture.
It urges a more holistic approach to societal issues, emphasizing the importance of harmony with nature and the collective well-being. Watts suggests that living in harmony with nature is not only essential for ecological balance but also intrinsically related to ethical considerations.
By recognizing our interconnectedness, individuals can cultivate a sense of responsibility towards the environment and work towards creating a more sustainable and compassionate society. Moreover, Watts proposes that the sense of unity experienced through psychedelics can catalyze a deep sense of joy and wonder.
This joy arises from a realization that life is a symphony of interconnected rhythms, colors, and patterns. This profound joy can serve as a driving force for positive change, inspiring individuals to engage with the world around them and contribute to the well-being of others and the Earth.
Conclusion
“The Joyous Cosmology” offers a unique perspective on the influence of psychedelics on Western culture and the concept of ego alienation. Watts explores the transformative potential of psychedelics and their ability to dissolve the ego, opening doors to a deep understanding of interconnectedness and the true nature of reality.
Through this understanding, individuals can develop an ecological perspective, recognizing the interdependence between themselves, their environment, and social ethics. This harmonious interconnectedness invites individuals to embrace a more holistic approach to life and engage in compassionate action.
“The Joyous Cosmology” serves as a reminder that our sense of unity and the joy it brings can be a catalyst for positive change and transformation, both within ourselves and in the world around us. In conclusion, Alan Watts’ exploration of Eastern philosophy, spirituality, and the influence of psychedelics in his works, such as “The Wisdom of Insecurity,” “Nature, Man and Woman,” and “The Joyous Cosmology,” reveals profound insights about living in the present moment, embracing uncertainty, and recognizing the interconnectedness of individuals, nature, and social ethics.
Watts invites us to shift our perspectives, letting go of ego-centric beliefs and embracing a sense of unity and harmony with the world around us. These ideas serve as a reminder to cultivate a deep sense of joy and wonder, inspiring us to engage in compassionate action and seek a more meaningful, interconnected existence.
By embracing these transformative concepts, we can find greater fulfillment in our lives and contribute to a more conscious and sustainable world.